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Option 1: | Option 2: | Option 3: | |
1,2kw PV | 2,4kw | 3,6kw PV | |
What do you need | 1 x Grid Tie 1200w microinverter 4 x 330w solar panels | 2 x Grid Tie 1200w microinverters 8 x 330w solar panels | 3 x Grid Tie 1200w microinverters 12 x 330w solar panels |
ROI – Return on investment | R 4,500 1st year saving @ 15% return | R 9,000 1st year savings @19% return | R 13,500 1st year savings @ 21% return |
Average Cost | R | R | R |
| Option 1: | Option 2: |
Capacity | Basic backup system with: 2 x 2,4kwh Lithium & 6 x 330w solar panels = 1100w load for 4 hours | Basic backup system with: 3 x 2,4kwh Lithium & 12 x 330w solar panels = 1700w load for 4 hours |
What do you need | 1 x 5000w/48VDC inverter 1 x 2,4kw/h Lithium Battery 6 x 330w solar panels | 1 x 8000w/48VDC inverter 1 x 2,4kw/h Lithium Battery 12 x 330w solar panels |
What does it supply | 6 x 30w LED flood lights @ 4 hrs 40 x 5w LED lights @ 4 hrs 2 x ceiling fans @ 4 hrs 1 x fridge / freezer @ 4 hrs 1 x laptop @ 4 hrs 1 x charger @ 4 hrs 3 x wall fans @ 4 hrs | 8 x 30w LED flood lights @ 4 hrs 50 x 5w LED lights @ 4 hrs 3 x ceiling fans @ 4 hrs 2 x fridge / freezer @ 4 hrs 1 x laptop @ 4 hrs 4 x phone chargers @ 4 hrs 4 x Tablet charger @ 4 hrs 3 x wall fans @ 4 hrs 1 x water filter and cooler |
Average Cost |
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| Option 1: | Option 2: |
Capacity | 660w/hr off grid system = 3 days reserve for overcast weather | 1440w/hr off grid system = 2 days reserve for overcast weather |
What do you need | 1 x 600w kit, 1 x 200Ah battery 1 x 330w solar panel | 1 x 1000w kit, 2 x 200Ah battery 1 x 330w solar panel |
What does it supply | 1 x 32” TV @ 3 hrs 10 x 5w LED lights 1 x 30w LED flood light | 1 x 32” TV @ 3 hrs 20 x 5w LED lights @ 6 hrs 1 x 30w LED flood light @ 6 hrs 1 x laptop |
Average Cost |
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| Option 1: | Option 2: | Option 3: |
Capacity | Basic backup system with: 4 x batteries = 2.4kw/h load for 4 hours | Basic backup system with: 4 x 102Ah batteries = 4 hours | Basic backup system with: 4 x 200Ah batteries = 4 hours |
What do you need | 1 x 1000w/24VDC inverter 4 x 102Ah Deep cycle batteries
| 1 x 2000w/24VDC inverter 4 x 102Ah Deep cycle batteries | 1 x 3000w/48VDC inverter 4 x 200Ah Deep cycle batteries |
What does it supply | 3 x 10w LED flood lights @ 4 hrs 30 x 5w LED lights @ 4 hrs 1 x ceiling fans @ 4 hrs 1 x laptop @ 4 hrs 4 x charger @ 4 hrs 1 x wall fan @ 4 hrs | 6 x 10w LED flood lights @ 4 hrs 40 x 5w LED lights @ 4 hrs 3 x ceiling fans @ 4 hrs 1 x fridge / freezer @ 4 hrs 1 x laptop @ 4 hrs 4 x phone chargers @ 4 hrs 1 x Tablet charger @ 4 hrs 3 x wall fans @ 4 hrs 1 x tv and dstv | 8 x 30w LED flood lights @ 4 hrs 50 x 5w LED lights @ 4 hrs 3 x ceiling fans @ 4 hrs 2 x fridge / freezer @ 4 hrs 1 x laptop @ 4 hrs 4 x phone chargers @ 4 hrs 4 x Tablet charger @ 4 hrs 3 x wall fans @ 4 hrs 1 x water filter and cooler |
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How many watts is 100ah? The conversion formula is amp hours x volts = watts.
So, our 12V 100ah = 1200W. If you are running a 100W appliance with a 100ah battery, it should theoretically last for 12 hours even if it draws 100W per hours (1200W / 100W = 12).
With a 1000W inverter you could drain the entire charge out of that 100ah battery in probably less than 1 hour. A battery rated for 100ah is usually rated for that capacity when discharged at a 20-hour rate. In other words, 100ah / 20hr= 5-amp load for 20 hours.
How long can it last? Not very long. With a 1000W inverter you could drain the entire charge out of that 100ah battery in around under 1 hour. A battery rated for 100ah is usually rated for that capacity when discharged at a 20-hour rate. In other words, 100ah / 20hr= 5-amp load for 20 hours. That same battery would have a 6-hour rate of maybe 82ah / 6hr = 13.66-amp load for 6 hours. The decreasing capacity at increasing loads is not linear. Double the load is not going to last half the duration. It will be less, based on something called Peukert’s Law. Too deep to elaborate on here, just know that it exists. The problem with a 1000-watt inverter is it could draw 1000W / 12V = 83 amps. A 100ah battery is not even rated for a load that large, A general rule is to never discharge a lead acid battery faster than a C/5 rate. That means never discharge faster than the total charge (C) divided by 5. That would be 20 amps for a 100ah battery. Your 1000W inverter can draw 4 or 5 times that. The battery might try to comply, but it could warp the internal structure (plates) and off gassing would be a problem as well. In either case the battery would not be worth much afterwards.
Efficiency
The work efficiency formula is efficiency = output / input, and you can multiply the result by 100 to get work efficiency as a percentage.
If an inverter is to be used, the following questions must be answered:
What size inverter do I need for my load?
How much power does an inverter use while operating?
How does it affect the total load requirements in my system?
Understanding Inverter Efficiency
Imagine you have a microwave oven and the manufacturer’s specification plate indicates that it requires 800 watts to operate. We can easily determine the DC amperage it would require if it were to operate directly from a 12 V battery:
W ÷ V = A
800 ÷ 12 = A
= 67 A
If inverters were 100% efficient, all of the power flowing from the battery would be inverted for use by the load, and the inverter would consume no power at all. In reality, however, inverters consume some of the power that flows from the battery while inverting. This requires an increase in current flow from the battery to run the inverter and support the load, and results in an increase in the total load requirements.
Let’s assume that an inverter has an efficiency rating of 80%. This means that only 80% of the power that is flowing from the battery can be used for the load. If the load is 800 watts, then the flow of current from the battery must be increased to keep the inverter and the load operating:
800 W = W ∙ 80%
800 W ÷ 80% = W
= 1000 W
The total load in the circuit is 1000 W.
Effect on Total Amps Flowing from Battery
Now that we know the total load on the circuit, taking inverter efficiency into account, we can calculate the amps:
1000 W ÷ 12 V = A
= 83 A
The inverter and the microwave will collectively require 83 A of current from a 12 VDC battery source to operate properly.
Another Method for Sizing an Inverter
If you do not know the efficiency rating of your inverter, a general rule of thumb is that the inverter have a minimum power rating of 125% of the total load. So for the 800 W microwave, the following formula would apply:
800 W ∙ 125% = W
= 1000 W
In this case, an inverter with a continuous output of 1000 W should be used.
Explorer’s Log